Steelmaking and casting

Major developments in the steelmaking and casting area
includes the following:

• Switchover from duplex and open hearth steelmaking to the oxygen process.
• Adopting optimum KD vessel configuration (to accommodate the high slag volume as a result of high silicon and phosphorus in hot metal) and use of bottom inert gas agitation.
• Strategy to make low phosphorus Steel.
• Improvement of vessel lining life from 160-180 heats to over
  1000 heats
• Adoption of continuous casting through billet and slab casters.